This course was made as a reference guide for generator protection. Protection relays that are described in this course are applicable to one or more generator protection schemes. There are a number of protection relay types and those are used for protection against a wide variety of conditions. These protection relays protect the generator or prime mover from damage. Also they are used for protection of the external power system or the processes it supplies. The basic principles that are described in this course apply equally to individual relays and to multifunction numeric relays. The protection engineer needs to balance the expense of using a particular relay against the consequences of losing a generator. The complete loss of a generator may not be catastrophic in the case it represents a small part of the investment in an installation. Nevertheless, the impact on service reliability and upset to loads has to be taken into consideration. Damage and loss of product in continuous processes can represent the ultimate concern rather than the generator unit. Therefore, there is no typical protection solution based on the power rating. This course is suitable for engineers with a desire to understand the fundamentals of generator protection. Presented details cover issues related to generator protection technical implementation. Upon successful completion engineers will be able to address key generator protection concepts, terms and characteristics. Learning Objectives Specific Knowledge or Skill Obtained

• Earth Fault Protection (50/51-G/N, 27/59, 59N, 27-3N, 87N)
• Phase Fault Protection (51, 51V, 87G)
• Backup Remote Fault Detection (51V, 21)
• Reverse Power Protection (32)
• Loss of Field Protection (40)
• Thermal Protection (49)
• Fuse Loss Protection (60)
• Over-excitation and Over/Under-voltage Protection (24, 27/59)
• Inadvertent Energization Protection (50IE, 67)
• Negative Sequence Protection (46, 47)
• Off-Frequency Operation Protection (81O/U)
• Sync Check (25) and Auto Synchronizing (25A)
• Out of Step Protection (78)
• Selective and Sequential Tripping
• Synchronism check and auto synchronizing