LNG plants and other petrochemical plants are built to bring a return on investment to their investors through their safe operation. Their designers and engineer-led operators require technical knowledge to ensure these facilities are safe and reliable. This course gives you that knowledge. This training covers LNG technologies at both a technical and human resource development level. This training is needed to help you design, operate, or maintain an LNG facility; however, many LNG topics can also apply to other petrochemical plants.  This training is intended to present technical materials to help develop a clear understanding of an LNG facility's safe and efficient operation.  It is intended to give the learner the intermediate technical knowledge needed to make informed planning, maintenance, and operating decisions to ensure plant safety, reliability, and efficiency. The most crucial intention of this training is to give you technical knowledge on how to continue making the liquid natural gas industry safe and reliable. In the following ten lessons, more detail will be given on the operation of an LNG plant, refrigeration systems for liquefying, and the thermodynamics involved in producing, storing, transporting, and re-vaporizing LNG. This is lesson four of the ten lessons.  It then starts the intermediate training with the following topics:

• Heat leak into LNG tanks
• Why BOG composition is different than LNG composition
• Understanding the characteristics of Boil Off Gas
• How to manage BOG
• Rate of BOG production.
• Understanding Geysering.
• Understanding how the barometer affects LNG tank pressure.
• Understanding the first law of thermodynamics.
• Understanding the tank, piping, and vessel over and under pressure protection devices.
• Why are Lock Open and Lock Closed valves used?

For this intermediate-level course, the learner must have a basic knowledge of LNG and its uses.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of the course, the student should understand This is the fourth in a series of ten progressively more in-depth courses on Liquefied Natural Gas. Although this learning focuses on LNG facilities, many concepts also apply to other petrochemical plants. This course introduces the learner to the technical topics related to the production, storage, transportation, and vaporization of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). In-depth books can be written on LNG safety; this course is not all-inclusive. This course should be considered an Intermediate Level course. The learning objectives of the complete ten learning sessions are to understand at an intermediate level the following:

• Understanding how to safely, reliably, and efficiently operate an LNG plant
• General characteristics of LNG and safety
• Liquefaction pretreatment,
• Liquefaction systems,
• LNG tanks, valves, pumps, vaporizers, auxiliaries, and other LNG plant equipment.
• BOG management and plant operations
• Transporting LNG
• Efficient operation of LNG facilities
• Importance of philosophies, procedures, maintenance, and modes of operation.
• Understanding the thermodynamic relationship that governs the behavior of zeotropic hydrocarbons.

The learning objectives of session four are to understand at an intermediate level the following:

• Heat leak into LNG tanks
• Why BOG composition is different than LNG composition
• Understanding the characteristics of Boil Off Gas
• How to manage BOG
• Rate of BOG production.
• Understanding Geysering.
• Understanding how the barometer affects LNG tank pressure.
• Understanding the first law of thermodynamics.
• Understanding the tank, piping, and vessel over and under-pressure protection devices.
• Why are Lock Open and Lock Closed valves used?