This presentation lecture will address three main topics. The first will be a quick review of gravity and concrete walls. The second is steel (Terre Armée) and geosynthetic reinforced walls; the third will discuss ground anchors, bolts and nails. This presentation is part of the Slope Course series which is based on the Handbook of slope stabilization, a copy of which will be made available to the participants.

Learning Objectives

• What are the wall failure types;
• How to select the wall solution (gravity, concrete, gabion, geosynthetic reinforced, use of scrap tyres)
• Types of geosynthetics and functions;
• Different types of reinforced walls: Terre Armée, geosynthetics, Terramesh;
• Alternative wall-facing types;
• Recommendations for wall drainage;
• What are the differences between soil anchors, bolts and nails?
• Threaded bars vs. concrete reinforcement bars
• Manchete valves & spacers
• Grouting and post-grouting techniques
• Corrosion protection
• Grout and grease quality control
• Temporary and permanent ground anchors
• FRP nails
• Pull-out tests
• Nail friction