Commonly used system grounding types in low voltage systems are:

• Exposed-conductive parts connected to neutral –TN
• Grounded neutral –TT
• Ungrounded (or impedance-grounded) neutral –IT

The objective of these three grounding systems is identical regarding protection of people and equipment - mastery of insulation fault effects. They are considered to be same with respect to safety of people against indirect contacts. Nevertheless, the same is not necessarily correct for dependability of the low voltage electrical installation with respect to:

•  System availability
• Maintenance requirements

Quantities that can be calculated are subjected to increasingly exacting requirements in factories and buildings. Also, the control and monitoring equipment in buildings (electrical power distribution management systems) has an increasingly crucial role in management and dependability. These developments in dependability requirements impact the selection and design of system grounding. It needs to be kept in mind that the issue with service continuity (keeping a sound network in public distribution by disconnecting consumers with insulation faults) played a role when system grounding first emerged. This course is suitable for electrical engineers with a desire to understand theory and selection principles behind system grounding. Presented details cover issues related to technical implementation of different grounding methods used in low voltage electrical networks. Upon successful completion engineers will be able to address different grounding types used in low voltage networks, selection and operation methods and important considerations that need to be addressed when designing grounding of the low voltage systems.

Learning Objectives:

At the successful conclusion of this course, you will learn the following knowledge and skills:

• Insulation fault causes
• Direct and indirect contact with live, energized element
• Managing the electrical hazard
• System grounding and protection of personnel
• TN grounding system and its implementation
• TT grounding system and its implementation
• IT grounding system and its implementation
• MV-LV disruptive breakdown inside the transformer
• Neutral protection according to system grounding
• Methods for system grounding selection
• PV system characteristics and potential hazards
• Relevant safety standards and codes
• Possible injuries and basic first aid concepts